What is the difference between an allergy versus an intolerance?
The main difference between an allergy and an intolerance is how they affect your body. An allergy is an IgE mediated immune system response to a specific item, while an intolerance is often caused by irritation of the affected area by an item resulting in symptoms. Depending on the type of allergy, this reaction can result in a life-threatening reaction such as anaphylaxis.
Allergy Immune response:
Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a specific substance, known as an allergen. This triggers an allergic reaction, which can range from mild symptoms such as sneezing and itching to severe symptoms like anaphylaxis.
Immediate onset:
Allergic reactions typically occur shortly after exposure to the allergen, often within minutes up to 2 hours.
How are allergies diagnosed?
Allergies can be diagnosed through testing such as; skin prick tests, blood tests, oral challenges and intradermal testing. Testing is dependent on the allergen being assessed and the type of symptoms experienced.
What Treatment options are available for allergies once diagnosed?
The primary treatment for allergies is to avoid the allergen and use medications such as antihistamines and epinephrine in case of severe reactions.
Allergy Intolerances
Enzyme deficiency:
Intolerances occur when the body lacks certain enzymes needed to break down specific foods or substances. This leads to digestive symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea.
Delayed onset:
Intolerance reactions are usually delayed and can appear hours or even days after consuming the offending food or substance.
Testing:
Intolerances are often diagnosed through elimination diets and food diary tracking. The only available testing for intolerance includes lactose intolerance and fructose intolerance.
Treatment:
The main treatment for intolerances is to avoid the triggering food or substance. Some individuals may also take digestive enzyme supplements to help with digestion.