What is Specific Antibody Deficiency?
Individuals with specific antibody deficiency have normal levels of antibodies (immunoglobulins) but cannot produce antibodies to specific types of microorganisms that cause respiratory infections.
Causes of Antibody Deficiencies
Although the exact cause of specific antibody deficiency is not known, it is likely due to a genetic mutation.
Symptoms of Antibody Deficiencies
Some patients do not present with symptoms of antibody deficiencies because other components of their immune system are still functional. Some patients show an increase frequency of infections in the first few years of life. For others, the onset of infections may not occur until adulthood. Symptoms may include recurrent infections of the ears, sinuses, lungs, or skin. If left untreated, this can lead to severe illness and hospitalization.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Specific Antibody Deficiency
Specific antibody deficiencies may be considered by an immunologist in children or adults who have a history of recurrent infections. Evaluation typically includes blood tests to measure the total amount of immunoglobulins and antibody levels to specific bacteria or vaccines.
The most common treatments for immunodeficiencies include preventing and treating infections and boosting the immune system:
- Treating infections – some infections require rapid and aggressive treatment with antibiotics. This may require a longer course than prescribed depending on the infection.
- Preventing infections – long-term antibiotics can be a strategy to prevent respiratory infections and permanent damage to the lungs and ears.
- Immunoglobulin therapy – Immunoglobulin replacement therapy contains proteins that your immune system uses to fight infections (immunoglobulins and antibodies). Replenishing these back to a normal level can help prevent further infections. Immunoglobulin replacement can be done in the vein (IV) or under the skin (subcutaneous).
If you experience recurrent infections, it may be due to specific antibody deficiency. It is important to undergo evaluation with a board-certified allergist/immunologist. Call the Iowa Clinic Allergy department at 515.875.9450 or schedule an appointment online.
