What is Trigger Finger?
Trigger finger is a condition in which a finger gets stuck in a bent position and straightens suddenly with a snap. This occurs when the tendon that controls the affected finger is unable to glide smoothly in the sheath that surrounds it. This may occur if the tendon sheath becomes swollen or if a small lump forms on the tendon.
Symptoms of Trigger Finger
Trigger finger can affect any finger, including the thumb. Symptoms of trigger finger can range from mild to severe, and commonly include:
- Finger stiffness, especially in the morning.
- A popping or clicking sensation as the finger moves.
- Tenderness or a bump in the palm at the base of the affected finger.
- Finger catching or locking in bent position, which suddenly pops straight.
- Finger locked in a bent position.
Causes of Trigger Finger
In most people, there is no explanation for why swelling and irritation begins to cause trigger finger. Constant back-and-forth irritation can cause a small lump of tissue to form on the tendon, called a nodule. This makes it harder for the tendon to slide smoothly.
There are certain factors that can put you more at risk for developing trigger finger, including:
- Repeated gripping – occupations or hobbies that require prolonged gripping may increase your risk.
- Certain health problems – diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis are at higher risk.
- Sex – trigger finger is more common in women.
Diagnosis and Treatment for Trigger Finger
Trigger finger treatment varies on the severity. Your provider will likely recommend nonsurgical treatment options first. The most common treatments include:
- Medications – like a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
- Rest – avoiding activities that require repetitive gripping or repeated grasping.
- Stretching exercises – to maintain mobility in your finger.
- Protection – a splint can offer help to rest the tendon.
- Steroid injection – an injection of a steroid near the tendon sheath may reduce inflammation and allow the tendon to guide freely. People that receive this treatment will typically need more than one injection after a certain amount of time.
- Needle procedure – your provider will insert a needle into the tissue surrounding your affected tendon to break apart the tissue that is blocking the smooth motion of the tendon.
If nonsurgical treatment options do not provide proper pain relief, your provider may recommend a procedure called Trigger Release . During this procedure, your provider will make a small incision in your palm and open the tendon sheath beneath it to release it.
It is common to experience pain and swelling following a trigger release surgery. You can expect recovery to take anywhere from 4 to 6 months. Your provider may recommend physical therapy or other exercises to aid with range of motion and stiffness. The vast majority of patients who have surgery experience significant improvement in function, as well as full relief from the pain of trigger finger.