What are AC separations?
AC (acromioclavicular) separations, also known as shoulder separations or AC joint injuries, occur when the ligaments that connect the collarbone (clavicle) to the shoulder blade (acromion) are damaged or torn. AC separations commonly result from a fall onto the shoulder or a direct blow to the shoulder area.
The severity of an AC separation is classified using a grading system:
- Grade 1: A mild AC separation where the ligaments are stretched but not torn. The collarbone remains in its normal position, and there is minimal deformity or displacement.
- Grade 2: A moderate AC separation where the ligaments are partially torn. This results in some degree of collarbone displacement, leading to a visible bump or deformity at the AC joint.
- Grade 3: A severe AC separation where the ligaments are completely torn. This causes significant displacement of the collarbone, resulting in a noticeable bump or deformity at the AC joint.
What are symptoms of an AC separation?
There are several telltale signs of an AC separation, including:
- Pain at the top of the shoulder
- Swelling and bruising of the shoulder
- Visible deformity or bump
- Limited shoulder movement
How is an AC separation treated?
Treatment for AC separations depends on the severity of the injury, the patient's age and activity level, and the individual's goals and preferences. Treatment options include:
Grade 1 and some Grade 2 AC separations
These injuries can often be managed non-surgically with conservative measures, such as rest, activity modification, pain management, and physical therapy exercises to improve shoulder strength and mobility.
Severe Grade 2 and Grade 3 AC separations
These injuries may require surgical intervention, especially for individuals with high activity levels or those who require full shoulder function for their daily activities or sports participation. Surgery typically involves reconstructing or stabilizing the torn ligaments to realign the collarbone and restore shoulder stability.
After treatment, rehabilitation is crucial to restore shoulder strength, range of motion, and function. Physical therapy exercises are often prescribed to help with muscle strengthening and joint stability.