What are UCL Tears?
UCL (ulnar collateral ligament) tears are a common injury among athletes, particularly baseball pitchers. The UCL is located on the inside of the elbow and provides stability to the joint during throwing motions.
Causes of UCL Tears
UCL tears are often caused by repetitive stress and strain on the ligament due to the high demands placed on it during overhead throwing activities. The throwing motion, particularly in baseball pitchers, involves significant valgus stress (outward force) on the elbow, which can lead to wear and tear on the UCL over time. Acute traumatic injuries, such as a direct blow to the inside of the elbow or a forceful throwing motion, can also cause UCL tears.
Symptoms of UCL Tears
Common symptoms of a UCL tear include:
- Pain on the inside of the elbow, particularly during the throwing motion.
- Decreased throwing velocity or control.
- Difficulty with gripping or holding objects.
- Swelling and tenderness on the inside of the elbow.
- A popping or clicking sensation at the time of injury.
Diagnosing UCL Tears
Diagnosis of a UCL tear typically involves a combination of a thorough physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. The healthcare professional will assess the stability of the elbow joint, evaluate range of motion, perform specific tests to assess the UCL, and may order imaging tests such as MRI to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the tear.
Treatment for UCL Tears
Treatment options for UCL tears depend on several factors, including the severity of the tear, the patient's age, activity level, and goals, as well as the presence of any associated injuries. Treatment approaches may include:
- Non-Surgical Treatment: For partial tears or cases where the tear is not severe, conservative treatment options may be considered. This can include rest, immobilization with a brace or splint, physical therapy, and a gradual return to throwing activities. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections or other regenerative therapies may also be considered to promote healing.
- UCL Reconstruction (Tommy John Surgery): In cases of complete UCL tears or cases where conservative treatment has not been effective, UCL reconstruction surgery may be recommended. During the procedure, a tendon graft, often taken from another part of the body or a donor, is used to reconstruct the torn UCL. This surgery requires a lengthy rehabilitation period, typically taking several months to a year for a full recovery and return to competitive throwing.
- Rehabilitation: Regardless of whether non-surgical or surgical treatment is pursued, rehabilitation is a critical component of the recovery process for UCL tears. Physical therapy will focus on restoring range of motion, strengthening the surrounding muscles, improving throwing mechanics, and gradually returning to throwing activities.
It's important for individuals with UCL tears to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional, such as an orthopedic surgeon or sports medicine specialist,, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options. They will assess the specific characteristics of the tear and provide individualized care to promote optimal healing, reduce symptoms, and support a safe return to throwing activities.
Ask your primary care doctor for a referral to an orthopaedic surgeon or book an appointment online.