What is knee cartilage preservation surgery?
Knee cartilage preservation surgery refers to a group of surgical techniques designed to repair or regenerate damaged knee cartilage with the goal of preserving the natural joint structure and function. These procedures are often recommended for individuals with localized cartilage defects or early stages of cartilage damage, before more extensive joint degeneration has occurred.
What are the types of knee cartilage preservation surgery?
Microfracture
Microfracture is a minimally invasive procedure where small holes are created in the damaged cartilage using a sharp tool. This stimulates the release of blood and bone marrow cells into the defect, which form a healing tissue similar to cartilage. While it may not fully replicate the original cartilage, it can provide pain relief and improved joint function.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)
In ACI, a small sample of healthy cartilage cells (chondrocytes) is harvested from the patient's own knee. These cells are then cultured in a laboratory to multiply. Once an adequate number of cells has been produced, they are implanted into the cartilage defect during a second surgery. ACI is suitable for larger defects and aims to create more hyaline-like cartilage.
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System (OATS) / Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation
In OATS, healthy cartilage and bone plugs are harvested from non-weight-bearing areas of the patient's knee (autograft) or from a tissue donor (allograft). These plugs are then transplanted into the damaged area to replace the damaged cartilage and restore joint surfaces.
Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC)
AMIC is a newer technique that combines microfracture with the use of a collagen matrix or membrane to support the growth of new cartilage-like tissue within the defect.
What are the benefits of knee cartilage preservation surgery?
Knee cartilage preservation surgeries aim to relieve pain, restore joint function, and delay or prevent the need for more invasive procedures like joint replacement. Success rates vary based on factors such as the size and location of the cartilage defect, patient age, overall joint health, and adherence to post-surgery rehabilitation. These procedures are best suited for individuals with focal cartilage defects rather than more widespread joint degeneration.
What is recovery like after surgery?
Rehabilitation following knee cartilage preservation surgery is a critical part of achieving a successful outcome. Physical therapy is typically prescribed to improve strength, flexibility, and joint stability. The recovery timeline and rehabilitation plan will vary depending on the specific procedure performed.
Ask your primary care doctor for a referral to an orthopaedic surgeon or book an appointment online.