What is a Knee Osteotomy for Realignment?
A knee osteotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting and repositioning the bones around the knee joint to realign the weight-bearing surfaces. This procedure is commonly performed to address conditions such as knee osteoarthritis or certain knee deformities that result in improper weight distribution and joint stress. The goal of a knee osteotomy is to relieve pain, improve joint function, and delay the need for more invasive procedures like knee replacement surgery.
Causes for a Knee Osteotomy
Knee osteotomy is often considered for individuals who:
- Have localized knee osteoarthritis that primarily affects one side of the knee joint.
- Have knee deformities (varus or valgus deformities) that contribute to uneven joint loading.
- Are relatively young and active and wish to preserve their natural knee joint for as long as possible.
What to Expect During a Knee Osteotomy
During a knee osteotomy:
- Preoperative Evaluation: The patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs) to assess the joint condition and determine the best approach for realignment.
- Surgical Approach: The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia. Small incisions are made around the knee.
- Bone Cutting and Realignment: The surgeon carefully cuts the bone(s) near the knee joint, either the femur (thighbone) or the tibia (shinbone), depending on the realignment needed. The bone is then repositioned to correct the alignment, often using specialized instruments to ensure accuracy.
- Fixation: Metal plates, screws, or other fixation devices are used to hold the repositioned bone(s) in place during the healing process.
- Closure: The incisions are closed, and the surgical site is dressed and bandaged.
What to Expect After a Knee Osteotomy
Recovery from knee osteotomy involves a period of healing, typically lasting several weeks to a few months. Physical therapy is an integral part of the rehabilitation process, helping patients regain strength, flexibility, and joint function. Weight-bearing and activity restrictions might be prescribed by the surgeon, gradually increasing over time.
Benefits of a Knee Osteotomy
Knee osteotomy can provide pain relief and improve knee function by redistributing forces within the joint. It can be a viable option for select patients, especially those with localized knee arthritis or deformities.
The success of the procedure depends on various factors, including patient selection, surgeon skill, and post-operative rehabilitation.
Knee osteotomy can provide relief and potentially delay the need for total knee replacement in certain patients. However, it's important to note that osteotomy is not suitable for everyone, and not all knee conditions can be effectively addressed through this procedure. The decision to undergo knee osteotomy should be made after careful consultation with an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in knee conditions. They can assess your individual situation, discuss potential benefits and risks, and guide you through the decision-making process to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your knee health.
Ask your primary care doctor for a referral to an orthopaedic surgeon or book an appointment online.