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Multiple Myeloma

 

What is multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. Plasma cells help fight infections by producing antibodies. In Multiple myeloma, cancerous plasma cells build up in bone marrow, where blood cells are made. This causes the blood cells to make proteins that don’t work correctly.

What are causes and risk factors of multiple myeloma?

Although it is not clear what causes myeloma, it begins with one plasma cell inside the bone marrow. Once one cell has turned into a cancerous myeloma cell, they multiple very quickly, crowding out the healthy blood cells.

Risk factors that may increase your risk of developing multiple myeloma include:

  • Being age 60+
  • Being male
  • Having a family history of multiple myeloma

What are symptom of multiple myeloma?

Symptoms of multiple myeloma are not always present at first, but when sign and symptoms do start, they can include:

  • Bone pain, especially in the spine, chest or hips
  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Loss of appetite
  • Mental fogginess or confusion
  • Tiredness
  • Infections
  • Weight loss
  • Weakness
  • Thirst
  • Increased urination

How is multiple myeloma diagnosed and staged?

Sometimes, multiple myeloma is found during a blood test for another condition. Other times, common symptoms may lead your provider to test for myeloma. Test may include:

The results of these tests will help your provider diagnose the stage of your myeloma. A stage 1 myeloma is growing slowly. As the myeloma gets more aggressive, the stages get higher, leading to stage 2 or stage 3.

What are treatment options for multiple myeloma?

Treatment for multiple myeloma isn’t always needed right away. If you are not showing symptoms, your provider may recommend waiting to see if symptoms worsen. If you start to develop symptoms or your symptoms get worse, treatments may include:

If you have questions or would like to schedule an appointment, contact our Hematology Oncology department at 515.875.9850.