What are monoclonal antibodies and what are they used for?
Monoclonal antibodies are proteins produced in a laboratory designed to mimic the immune system's ability to fight off harmful pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells. These antibodies are highly specific, targeting a particular antigen (a molecule on the surface of a pathogen or abnormal cell) with precision.
Monoclonal antibodies are used for diagnosis, disease treatment and research. They have been used to treat the following conditions:
- Cancer
- Organ transplant rejection
- Inflammatory and autoimmune disorders
- Infections
- Osteoporosis
- Eye conditions
- Migraines
- High cholesterol
- Nervous system disorders
How do monoclonal antibodies work?
In most cases, monoclonal antibodies are given via an IV injected into the vein in an infusion center. In some cases, you may be prescribed a monoclonal antibody that is injected under the skin, which can be administered by the patient.
Monoclonal antibodies are more precise than other treatments, which improves the effectiveness and reduces some side effects.
What are risks and side effects of monoclonal antibodies?
Infusion reactions are common and occur when your body has had a strong immune response to the treatment. Common signs of reaction include:
- Rash
- Fever
- Chills
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Changes in blood pressure
- Increase heart rate
- Acute anaphylaxis
If you’ve been diagnosed with a condition that monoclonal antibodies treat, talk with your hematology oncologist about whether monoclonal antibodies are right for you.