What is hair loss? 

Hair loss, also known as alopecia, is a common condition that affects both men and women. From a dermatologic perspective, hair loss can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, hormonal imbalances, medical conditions, as well as certain medications. The Iowa Clinic Dermatology department can help you in understanding the symptoms, risks and causes of hair loss so you can make an informed decision about your treatment options.

What are the symptoms of hair loss?

The most obvious symptom of hair loss is thinning or balding of the scalp. This can occur in patches or gradually over time. In some cases, hair loss may also be accompanied by itching or scaling of the scalp.

There are two common types of hair loss:

• Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that attacks the hair follicles. The extent of hair loss varies but oftentimes the hair will fall out in small clumps and result in baldness in either patches, the entire head or body. 
• Telogen effluvium is a common type of temporary hair loss caused by severe stress or changes to the body. The most common symptom of telogen effluvium is hair thinning, usually around the top of your head. 

While hair loss itself is not harmful, it can be a sign of an underlying medical condition, such as an autoimmune disorder or a thyroid problem. It is important to consult with a dermatologist if you are experiencing hair loss to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. 

How do you treat hair loss?

There are several treatment options for hair loss, including topical medications, oral medications, and surgical procedures. 

• Topical medications can help stimulate hair growth and slow down the progression of hair loss. 
• Oral medications can also be an effective method of treatment by blocking the production of the hormone that causes hair loss. 
• Surgical procedures, such as hair transplants or scalp reduction surgery, may be necessary in cases of severe or extensive hair loss.

What causes hair loss?

There are several potential causes of hair loss, including:

• Genetics. Androgenetic alopecia, also known as male or female pattern baldness, is the most common cause of hair loss and is believed to be inherited. 
• Hormonal imbalances such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause
• Medical conditions such as thyroid disorders or autoimmune diseases
• Certain medications such as chemotherapy drugs.

How do you prevent hair loss?

While not all cases of hair loss can be prevented, there are steps that can be taken to promote healthy hair growth such as:

• Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, such as iron and zinc
• Avoiding harsh hair treatments, such as chemical relaxers or tight braids
• Reducing stress levels through techniques such as meditation or exercise

Hair loss can be a frustrating and distressing condition, but there are effective treatments available. If you are experiencing hair loss, it is important to consult with a dermatologist to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.