What is Cirrhosis and Ascites?
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver, which can be caused by many different forms of liver diseases and conditions like hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Ascites is the buildup of fluid in the space between the lining of the abdomen and abdominal organs, and most commonly the result of cirrhosis.
Causes of Cirrhosis and Ascites:
Causes of cirrhosis can include:
- Chronic alcohol abuse
- Hepatitis B and C
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Genetic diseases like Wilson’s disease and hemochromatosis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Destruction or poor formation of bile ducts
- Inherited disorders of sugar metabolism (galactosemia or glycogen storage disease)
- Alagille syndrome, which is a genetic disorder
- Infections like syphilis or brucellosis
- Medications, including methotrexate or isoniazid
Aside from cirrhosis, which is the leading cause of ascites, ascites can also be caused by:
- Heart failure
- Kidney disease
- Cancer
- Infections
To do your part in preventing cirrhosis and ascites, it’s best to limit alcohol consumption, maintain a healthy weight, and cure underlying causes, like viral hepatitis.
Symptoms of Cirrhosis and Ascites:
Symptoms of cirrhosis include fatigue, easy bruising, swelling in the legs or abdomen, weight loss, confusion and difficulty thinking. In addition to these, symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, and loss of appetite can indicate ascites that has transpired a result of cirrhosis.
Diagnosing Cirrhosis and Ascites:
To best diagnose cirrhosis and/or ascites, your doctor will likely begin by ordering blood tests to check for liver function. Following that, imaging tests, like an MRI or ultrasound scan may be recommended, too. Once your doctor has a better idea of the extent of your condition, they may want a liver biopsy and/or a paracentesis, which is a test that analyzes fluid from the abdomen.
Treating Cirrhosis and Ascites:
Treating cirrhosis and ascites starts with treating the underlying cause of each. This can include lifestyle changes like reducing or stopping consumption of alcohol. Medications to manage symptoms and complications may also be introduced to find relief from symptoms the patient is experiencing. Dietary changes are also likely to be recommended, and your doctor may suggest with reducing sodium intake. When warranted, your doctor may also recommend a paracentesis to drain excess fluid from the abdomen. In more sever cases, a liver transplant may be the patient’s best hope.
It's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment if you or a loved one suspect you’re dealing with cirrhosis or ascites.