What are tonsils and adenoids?
Tonsils and adenoids are small, oval-shaped masses of tissue that are located in the back of the throat. The tonsils are located on either side of the throat, and the adenoids are located at the back of the nose. Tonsils and adenoids are both part of the lymphatic system and play a role in protecting the body from infection. However, sometimes they can become enlarged or infected, causing a variety of symptoms.
Symptoms of Tonsil and Adenoid Issues
The symptoms of tonsil and adenoid issues can vary depending on the severity of the condition.
Common symptoms may include:
- Sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Snoring or mouth breathing during sleep
- Chronic nasal congestion
- Enlarged glands in the neck
- Swelled tonsils
- Bad breath
- Chronic cough
Sore throats are incredibly common and most often a minor inconvenience. Yet there are times when a sore throat is a symptom of something far more serious.
These more serious symptoms include:
- Change in voice
- Difficulty swallowing
- White markings or pus pockets at the back of the throat, which can indicate strep throat
- Strep is a serious bacterial infection that requires antibiotics to cure before it worsens and spreads
- Swollen tonsils – a sure sign of a viral or bacterial infection that should be examined by your physician for proper diagnosis
- Yellow spots – sometimes can be confused with mucus, however yellow spots on your tonsils are likely tonsil stones
- Chronic throat pain - if your sore throat pain lasts three to five weeks with no signs of improvement, you need to be evaluated at the ENT clinic
- In some cases, enlarged tonsils and adenoids can also lead to sleep apnea, a serious condition that can cause breathing cessation during sleep
What are the causes of enlarged tonsils and adenoids?
The causes of tonsil and adenoid issues can vary depending on the individual. Common causes may include:
- Recurrent viral infections such as tonsilitis
- Recurrent bacterial infections such as strep throat
- Allergies
- Genetics
- Exposure to environmental toxins
- Recurrent upper respiratory infections
What are the treatments for swelled tonsils and adenoids?
Treatment for tonsil and adenoid issues will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual's overall health. In some cases, the condition may improve on its own without treatment. However, if the symptoms are persistent or severe, treatment options may include:
- Antibiotics to treat infections
- Removal of the tonsils and/or adenoids (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy)
- Medications to manage symptoms, such as decongestants or antihistamines
- Allergy testing and immunotherapy
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are common surgical procedures used to treat persistent or severe tonsil and adenoid issues. These procedures are typically performed under general anesthesia and involve the removal of the tonsils and/or adenoids through the mouth. Recovery time varies depending on the individual, but most people are able to resume normal activities within two weeks of the procedure.
What are the risks of enlarged tonsils and adenoids?
The risks of enlarged tonsils and adenoids can include:
- Sleep apnea
- Ear infections
- Recurrent throat infections
- Speech problems
- Learning problems
If you’re experiencing any tonsil or adenoid issues, it's important to discuss your symptoms with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for your individual needs. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential for managing tonsil and adenoid issues and preventing complications. To schedule an appointment at The Iowa Clinic Ear, Nose and Throat department, call 515.875.9450.