What is lymphedema?
Lymphedema is a chronic condition that occurs when the lymphatic system, responsible for draining fluid and waste products from tissues, becomes compromised. This leads to the accumulation of lymph fluid, causing swelling in various parts of the body, commonly in the arms or legs. If left untreated, lymphedema can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life.
What are the symptoms of lymphedema?
The primary symptom of lymphedema is persistent swelling in the affected area, which may be accompanied by:
- A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the arms or legs.
- Reduced flexibility and movement in the affected limb.
- Aching or discomfort in the swollen area.
- Skin may appear thickened, red, or taut, with potential development of skin infections.
Early detection and intervention are essential to manage lymphedema effectively and prevent complications.
How is lymphedema diagnosed?
At The Iowa Clinic, we offer comprehensive screenings to accurately diagnose lymphedema. Our skilled vascular surgeons may use imaging tests such as lymphoscintigraphy or ultrasound to evaluate lymph flow and identify any blockages.
How do you treat lymphedema?
Treatment for lymphedema aims to reduce swelling, improve function, and enhance the patient's overall quality of life. Common treatment options include:
- Compression Therapy: The use of compression garments or bandages to reduce swelling and encourage proper lymphatic drainage.
- Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD): A specialized massage technique that stimulates lymph flow and directs fluid away from the affected area.
- Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT): A comprehensive treatment program that combines compression therapy, MLD, skin care, and exercises.
- Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: In severe cases, a surgical procedure where healthy lymph nodes are transferred to the affected area to restore lymphatic function.
How can I reduce my risk and manage my lymphedema?
It is important to practice good skincare to avoid infection. This includes:
- Keep your at-risk extremity clean and dry.
- Apply moisturizer daily to prevent chapping/chafing of skin.
- Pay attention to nail care – don't cut your cuticles.
- Protect your exposed skin with sunscreen and insect repellent.
- Use care with razors to avoid nicks and skin irritation.
- If possible, avoid punctures such as injections and blood draws.
- Wear gloves while doing activities that may cause skin injury, like washing dishes, gardening, etc.
- If you scrape or puncture your skin, was it with soap and water, apply antibiotics and keep an eye out for infection.
If you develop a rash, itching, redness, pain, increased skin temperature, increasing swelling, fever or flu-like symptoms, contact your physician immediately.
Another way to prevent lymphedema is by developing a healthy lifestyle. Obesity is known to be a major risk factor for lymphedema, so maintain your optimal weight through healthy eating and exercise. Gradually build up the duration and intensity of any activity or exercise you do and take frequent rest periods during activity to allow for limb recovery. Be sure to monitor your at-risk extremity during and after activity for any changes in size, shape, tissue texture, soreness, heaviness or firmness.
Support your at-risk limb with a compression garment when doing strenuous activities like weightlifting, prolonged standing and running. Patients with lymphedema should consider wearing a well-fitting compression garment for air travel.
Lastly, be careful of temperature extremes. Avoid prolonged exposure (longer than 15 minutes) to heat, particularly when it comes to hot tubs or saunas. Use heat therapy cautiously and make sure to observe your at-risk limb. If you notice increased swelling, stop the exposure of heat. Similarly, avoid exposure to extreme cold, which can be associated with rebound swelling, or chapping of skin.