What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is a group of disorders that occur when there is compression or irritation of the nerves, blood vessels, or both, in the thoracic outlet. The thoracic outlet is the space between your collarbone (clavicle) and your first rib. The compression in this area can lead to various symptoms, affecting the upper extremities and causing discomfort.
There are three main types of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:
- Neurogenic TOS: Compression of the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that controls movement and sensation in the arms and hands, leads to neurological symptoms.
- Vascular TOS: Compression of blood vessels, such as the subclavian artery or vein, results in circulatory symptoms.
- Non-specific TOS: This type of TOS does not fit entirely into the neurogenic or vascular categories but still involves compression of structures in the thoracic outlet.
What are Thoracic Outlet Syndrome symptoms?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome symptoms can vary depending on the structures affected and the type of TOS. Common symptoms may include:
- Pain: Dull, aching pain in the neck, shoulder, or upper arm.
- Numbness and Tingling: Feeling of pins and needles or numbness in the fingers, hand, or arm.
- Weakness: Decreased strength in the affected arm or hand.
- Swelling: Swelling in the affected arm.
- Discoloration: Bluish or pale skin discoloration.
How is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome diagnosed?
Diagnosing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can be challenging, as the symptoms may mimic other conditions. At The Iowa Clinic, our vascular surgeons perform a thorough physical examination and may recommend imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to assess the thoracic outlet's structures and identify any compression or abnormalities.
How is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome treated?
Treatment for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome depends on the type and severity of the condition. Common treatment options include:
- Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises to improve posture and relieve compression.
- Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medications to manage pain and inflammation.
- Vascular Surgery: For cases of vascular TOS, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove any compressive structures or repair damaged blood vessels.
- Surgical Decompression: In severe cases, surgery may be performed to relieve nerve compression and restore normal blood flow.
Risks and Complications of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
As with any medical procedure, treatments for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome carry certain risks. Potential complications may include infection, bleeding, nerve damage, or adverse reactions to anesthesia. However, with proper evaluation and experienced vascular surgeons, the risks can be minimized.
We understand the impact of TOS on your daily life and are committed to helping you find relief from discomfort and improve your quality of life. Don't let Thoracic Outlet Syndrome hold you back, schedule a consultation today.