What is a bone density scan?
A bone density scan, also known as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA), uses a very small dose of ionizing radiation to take detailed images of your lower spine and hips to measure bone loss. This quick, non-invasive test is the standard method for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing your risk for fractures.
No special preparation is needed for the scan. However, inform your doctor and technologist if you might be pregnant, or if you recently had a barium exam or a CT scan with contrast material. Wear loose, comfortable clothing and avoid calcium supplements for at least 24 hours before the exam. You may be asked to wear a gown for the procedure.
What conditions does a bone density scan help diagnose?
A bone density scan is most commonly used to determine your risk for bone fractures, detect the onset of osteoporosis, or monitor the treatment of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis occurs when your body is not able to keep up with production of new bone tissue to replace old bone tissue. This causes your bones to become weak and brittle. Breaks and fractures in your bones (most commonly hip, wrist and spine) can be caused by simply bumping into things or even coughing.
Though osteoporosis can impact anyone, risk factors are heightened for those assigned female at birth and those who experience early menopause.
Osteoporosis symptoms include:
- Loss of height
- Back pain
- Stooped posture
- Easily broken bones
How should I prepare for a bone density scan?
Bone density scans are quick, easy and painless, so little preparation is required.
Your doctor may encourage you to avoid taking calcium supplements 24 hours ahead of the exam. It’s also important to let your doctor know if you may be pregnant, recently had a barium exam, or received an injection of contrast material (for something such as a CT or radioisotope scan).
What should I expect during a bone density scan?
The day of your bone density scan, leave any jewelry or other metal objects at home. Wear loose, comfortable clothing. For the test, you’ll lie on a table and a scanner will pass over your body. This machine will send X-rays through bones in your lower spine and hips (and potential forearm) to measure mineral amounts in your bone. The amount of radiation you're exposed to is very low, much less than the amount emitted during a chest X-ray. The test usually takes around 10 to 30 minutes.
What happens after my bone density scan?
After your bone density scan, you'll receive two important scores: a "T" score and a "Z" score. Our board-certified radiologists will evaluate these scores and discuss any necessary follow-up care with your provider.
Understanding Your Test Results:
T Score: This score compares your bone density to that of a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mass.
- A T score of -1 and above is considered normal.
- A T score between -1.1 and -2.4 indicates osteopenia (low bone mass).
- A T score of -2.5 and below signifies osteoporosis.
- This score helps estimate your fracture risk and determine if treatment is needed.
Z Score: This score compares your bone density to that of others in your age group, size, and gender.
- Unusually high or low Z scores may suggest the need for further medical tests.
It's normal to see small variations between scans due to differences in positioning, which usually aren't significant.
Why you should choose The Iowa Clinic for your bone density scan:
When you choose The Iowa Clinic for your bone density scan, you are choosing a collaborative, interconnected healthcare team dedicated to supporting your care journey. Our ACR-accredited facility ensures the highest standards of imaging quality and safety. Our board-certified radiologists work closely across departments and disciplines to ensure a smooth and streamlined experience from diagnosis to treatment. Choose The Iowa Clinic for a professional and empathetic healthcare experience tailored to your unique needs.