What are atypical glandular cells?
While most cervical cancer derives from squamous cells (skin cells of the cervix), a few cases derive from the glandular cells that line the endocervical canal. The presence of atypical glandular cells on a Pap smear may indicate:
- Endometrial cancer, or its precursors
- Adenocardinoma of the endocervix, or its precursors
- Squamous cell cancer of the cervix, or its precursors
- A normal patient.
How are atypical glandular cells diagnosed and treated?
Several tests are done to rule out cancer or cancer precursor cells as the cause of the abnormal PAP smear. These tests include colposcopy, which allows for better visualization of the cervix with biopsies from different locations on the cervix, and an endometrial biopsy which allows for testing of the cells in the uterus. It is common for both procedures to be done in the office at the same appointment to determine the location of the atypical cells. Sometimes imaging such as an ultrasound of the pelvis can also be done to gather more information about the uterus and surrounding organs.
If there are any abnormal findings, a plan of care will be created that is unique to each patient. Sometimes plans involve surgery for further diagnoses or treatment. Other times, if there are no abnormal tests, routine screenings are recommended to ensure abnormal cells are found as soon as possible for early treatment. Your healthcare team will discuss all results and options for treatment, and they are available to answer questions about care.