What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. However, not all women with HPV infection develop cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer typically develops slowly over a period of several years, progressing through precancerous stages before turning into invasive cancer. Regular Pap smears or HPV tests are crucial for early detection of abnormal cell changes in the cervix, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Common signs and symptoms of cervical cancer may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding: This can include bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause.
- Unusual vaginal discharge: It may be watery, bloody, or have a foul odor.
- Pelvic pain: This can occur during sexual intercourse or at other times.
- Pain during urination: This can be an indication that the cancer has spread to the bladder.
It is important to note that in the early stages, cervical cancer may not cause any noticeable symptoms. Regular screenings and check-ups with a healthcare professional are crucial for early detection and prevention.
Preventing Cervical Cancer
The primary methods of preventing cervical cancer include:
- HPV vaccination: Vaccines are available to protect against the most common high-risk types of HPV. It is recommended for both males and females before they become sexually active.
- Regular screenings: Pap smears or HPV tests are recommended for women to detect any abnormal cell changes in the cervix. The frequency of screening may vary depending on factors such as age and previous test results.
- Safe sexual practices: Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, although it does not eliminate the risk entirely.
Treatment for Cervical Cancer
If cervical cancer is detected, the treatment options may include surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The choice of treatment depends on the stage and extent of the cancer, as well as individual factors.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any concerning symptoms or have any questions or concerns about cervical cancer. Your healthcare provider can provide guidance, perform necessary tests, and recommend appropriate treatment options.
For any additional questions, please call our department at 515.875.9290