What is abnormal vaginal bleeding?
Abnormal vaginal bleeding refers to any unexpected or irregular bleeding such as heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular periods, or bleeding between periods. It can occur at any age and may indicate an underlying gynecological condition. If you experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, it is important to seek medical attention.
Your provider will perform a thorough evaluation to determine the cause of the bleeding. Treatment options will depend on the underlying cause and may include hormonal therapy, medication, or minimally invasive procedures to address the issue.
What are some Causes of Abnormal Bleeding?
- Noncancerous (benign) tumors: Typically appear during your childbearing years and can result in heavy painful periods
- Uterine Fibroids: noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus
- Uterine Polyps: small benign growths on the lining of the uterus
Abnormal Bleeding Treatment Options
If a woman is experiencing abnormal bleeding, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular periods, or bleeding between periods, an endometrial biopsy may be performed to determine the cause of the bleeding.
An endometrial biopsy is a procedure to remove a small sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus. This tissue is then examined under a microscope for any abnormalities. Endometrial biopsies are commonly performed to diagnose endometrial cancer, but they can also be used to diagnose other conditions such as endometrial hyperplasia and endometritis.
An endometrial biopsy may be performed for a variety of reasons, including:
- Diagnosis of endometrial cancer: Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system. An endometrial biopsy is the most accurate way to diagnose endometrial cancer.
- Diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia: Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition in which the lining of the uterus is thicker than normal. Endometrial hyperplasia can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer.
- Diagnosis of endometritis: Endometritis is an inflammation of the lining of the uterus. Endometritis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other organisms.
- Monitoring of hormonal therapy: If a woman is taking hormonal therapy, such as estrogen, progesterone, or tamoxifen, an endometrial biopsy may be performed to monitor the effects of the therapy on the lining of the uterus.
How is an endometrial biopsy performed?
An endometrial biopsy is a relatively simple and quick procedure that can be performed in a doctor's office. The procedure usually takes about 10 minutes to complete.
To perform an endometrial biopsy, the doctor will:
- Insert a speculum into the vagina to hold the vagina open.
- Cleanse the cervix with an antiseptic solution.
- Insert a thin, plastic tube called a pipelle through the cervix and into the uterus.
- Apply gentle suction to the pipelle to collect a sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus.
- Remove the pipelle and speculum.
- The tissue sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
What are the risks of an endometrial biopsy?
Endometrial biopsy is a very safe procedure. However, there are a few small risks associated with the procedure, including:
- Infection: This is a rare complication, but it can occur if the cervix is not properly cleaned before the procedure.
- Bleeding: Minor bleeding is common after an endometrial biopsy. However, heavy bleeding is rare.
- Cervical perforation: This is a very rare complication in which the pipelle punctures the cervix. If this occurs, the patient may experience severe pain and bleeding.
What should I expect after an endometrial biopsy?
After an endometrial biopsy, you may experience some mild cramping and bleeding. You may also feel a little dizzy or lightheaded. It is important to rest for the rest of the day after the procedure. You should also avoid sexual intercourse and douching for at least 24 hours after the procedure.
If you experience any of the following symptoms after an endometrial biopsy, please contact your doctor immediately:
- Heavy bleeding
- Severe cramping
- Fever
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
If you have any questions or concerns about endometrial biopsy, please talk to your doctor.