What is a Bartholin cyst?
A Bartholin cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or near the Bartholin gland, a small gland located near the opening of the vagina. Bartholin glands produce fluid that helps lubricate the vagina.
What causes Bartholin cysts?
Bartholin cysts can be caused by a number of factors, including:
- Blockage of the Bartholin duct: The Bartholin duct is a small tube that carries fluid from the Bartholin gland to the outside of the vagina. If the duct becomes blocked, the fluid can back up and form a cyst.
- Infection: Bartholin cysts can also be caused by an infection of the Bartholin gland. This type of cyst is called a Bartholin abscess.
- Trauma: Trauma to the vulva, such as from childbirth or sexual intercourse, can also damage the Bartholin duct and lead to a cyst.
What are the symptoms of a Bartholin cyst?
Most Bartholin cysts are small and do not cause any symptoms. However, larger cysts can cause the following symptoms:
- A lump near the opening of the vagina
- Pain or discomfort in the vulva, especially when sitting or walking
- Redness and swelling of the vulva
- Difficulty urinating or having sexual intercourse
How is a Bartholin cyst diagnosed?
A Bartholin cyst can usually be diagnosed by performing a physical exam. The doctor will look for a lump near the opening of the vagina and check for tenderness or swelling.
If the cyst is large or infected, the doctor may order an imaging test, such as an ultrasound, to get a better look at it.
How is a Bartholin cyst treated?
Treatment for a Bartholin cyst depends on the size of the cyst and whether it is infected.
Small, non-infected cysts
Small, non-infected cysts may go away on their own without treatment. The doctor may recommend warm sitz baths or applying a warm compress to the area to help relieve pain and discomfort.
Large cysts
If a cyst is large and causing symptoms, the doctor may recommend draining it. This can be done in the doctor's office using a needle and syringe.
Infected cysts
Infected cysts (Bartholin abscesses) need to be drained and treated with antibiotics.
Surgery
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the Bartholin gland or the Bartholin duct. This is usually only done if the cyst has recurred multiple times or if it is very large.
If you have any questions or concerns about a Bartholin cyst, please talk to your doctor.