What is endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of the uterus. This tissue can grow on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, intestines, or other organs in the pelvis. Endometriosis can cause pain, infertility, and other problems.
What causes endometriosis?
The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown. However, it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including:
- Genetics: Endometriosis runs in families, so it is thought that there may be a genetic component to the disease.
- Retrograde menstruation: During menstruation, some of the menstrual blood and tissue may flow back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvis. This tissue can then implant on other organs in the pelvis and grow.
- Immune system problems: Some women with endometriosis have problems with their immune system. This may allow the endometrial tissue to grow outside of the uterus.
What are the symptoms of endometriosis?
The most common symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain. This pain can be severe and may occur during menstruation, ovulation, or sexual intercourse.
Other symptoms of endometriosis can include:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Painful bowel movements
- Painful urination
- Fatigue
- Infertility
How is endometriosis diagnosed?
Endometriosis can be difficult to diagnose. There is no single test for endometriosis, so doctors often rely on a combination of factors to make a diagnosis, including:
- Pelvic exam: A pelvic exam can help doctors to feel for any abnormalities in the pelvis, such as cysts or enlarged ovaries.
- Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, can be used to look for endometrial implants.
- Laparoscopy: Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to look directly inside the pelvis. Laparoscopy is the most accurate way to diagnose endometriosis.
How is endometriosis treated?
There is no cure for endometriosis, but there are a few treatments that can help to manage the symptoms of the disease. Treatment options for endometriosis include:
- Pain medication: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be used to relieve mild to moderate pain. Prescription pain medications may be necessary for more severe pain.
- Hormonal birth control: Hormonal birth control pills, patches, rings, and injections can be used to suppress ovulation and reduce the amount of menstrual bleeding. This can help to reduce pain and other symptoms of endometriosis.
- Surgery: Surgery may be recommended for women with severe endometriosis or endometriosis that is not responding to other treatments. Surgery can be used to remove endometrial implants and scar tissue.
If you have any questions or concerns about endometriosis, please talk to your doctor.