What are ovarian cysts?
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. They are very common, affecting up to 80% of women at some point in their lives. Most ovarian cysts are harmless and go away on their own without treatment. However, some ovarian cysts can cause symptoms and require treatment.
What are the types of ovarian cysts?
There are two main types of ovarian cysts:
- Functional cysts: These cysts are related to the menstrual cycle. They usually form when a follicle that releases an egg does not rupture properly. Functional cysts are the most common type of ovarian cyst.
- Pathologic cysts: These cysts are not related to the menstrual cycle. They can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts?
Most ovarian cysts do not cause any symptoms. However, some ovarian cysts can cause the following:
- Pelvic pain
- Bloating
- Fullness or pressure in the abdomen
- Painful intercourse
- Irregular menstrual periods
- Difficulty getting pregnant
What are the causes of ovarian cysts?
The exact cause of ovarian cysts is unknown. However, functional cysts are thought to be caused by hormonal imbalances related to the menstrual cycle. Pathologic cysts can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Endometriosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Endometriomas
- Dermoid cysts
- Cystadenomas
How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
Ovarian cysts may be detected during a routine pelvic exam. But because the pelvic exam cannot produce a definitive diagnosis, your doctor may also order an ultrasound or other imaging tests to get a better look at the cyst.
What are the treatment options for ovarian cysts?
Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on the type of cyst, its size, and your symptoms. Most small functional cysts go away on their own without treatment. However, larger functional cysts and pathologic cysts may require treatment.
Treatment options for ovarian cysts include:
- Observation: Your doctor may monitor the cyst over time to see if it goes away on its own.
- Medication: Birth control pills and other hormonal medications can be used to shrink functional cysts and prevent new cysts from forming.
- Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to remove larger functional cysts and pathologic cysts.
The best treatment option for you will depend on your individual circumstances. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of each treatment option to decide which is right for you.
If you have any questions or concerns about ovarian cysts, please talk to your doctor.