What is PCOS?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. PCOS is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and the presence of cysts on the ovaries.
What causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Women with PCOS often have insulin resistance, which is a condition in which the body's cells do not respond properly to the hormone insulin. Insulin resistance can lead to high blood sugar levels and weight gain.
What are symptoms of PCOS?
The symptoms of PCOS can vary from woman to woman. Some women may experience:
- Irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Acne
- Hirsutism (excessive hair growth on the face, body, and chest)
- Oily skin
- Hair loss
- Weight gain
- Infertility
How is PCOS diagnosed?
There is no single test for PCOS. Doctors diagnose PCOS based on a woman's medical history, physical exam, and blood tests. Blood tests may be used to check for high blood sugar levels, elevated androgen levels, and other signs of PCOS.
How is PCOS treated?
There is no cure for PCOS, but there are several treatments that can help to manage the symptoms of the disorder. Treatment options for PCOS include:
- Lifestyle changes: Lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, regular exercise, and a healthy diet, can help to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the symptoms of PCOS.
- Birth control pills: Birth control pills can help to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.
- Metformin: Metformin is a medication that can help to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Other medications: Other medications, such as spironolactone and flutamide, can be used to reduce androgen levels and improve acne and hirsutism.
- Surgery: Surgery may be recommended for women with PCOS who are infertile or who have severe acne or hirsutism.
If you have any questions or concerns about PCOS, please talk to your doctor.