What is an antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test?
When antinuclear antibodies are present, this is a sign of a possible autoimmune disease. An ANA test is a blood test that can detect these antinuclear antibodies. Typically, your body produces antibodies to fight infections. Autoantibodies do the opposite. They attack your pre-existing healthy cells and tissues. ANAs are one type of autoantibody. An ANA test can be used to detect autoantibodies associated with conditions listed below plus more:
- Lupus
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Juvenile arthritis
- Sjogren’s syndrome
- Scleroderma
What causes antinuclear antibodies?
The cause of an autoimmune disorder, specifically antinuclear antibodies, differs between all patients. A few factors that can be taken into consideration include:
- Age
- Previous diseases you have fought (ie: cancer)
- Previous viruses you have fought
- Certain medications
- Symptoms of antinuclear antibodies
When determining if an ANA test is necessary, your doctor may ask if you have or had any of the following symptoms:
- Joint pain
- Joint stiffness
- Muscle pain
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Any changes in your skin (rash, color changes, etc.)
How to prepare for an ANA test
It is important to discuss how to prepare for your ANA test with your Rheumatologist. They will have specific requests for you regarding whether or not to eat and drink normally prior as well as if you can continue all medications normally before the test.
What to expect from an ANA test
Your ANA test is going to be similar to a regular blood draw that you would have done in a lab. Once a nurse or medical professional takes your blood sample, it will be sent off for testing. If your test comes back positive for antinuclear antibodies, you will likely hear from your Rheumatologist regarding next steps for evaluation and interpretation.
To schedule with the Iowa Clinic’s board-certified Rheumatology expert, call 515.875.9790.