What is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that originates in the milk ducts of the breast. In DCIS, abnormal cells are confined within the ductal system and have not spread to surrounding breast tissue or other parts of the body. While DCIS itself is not life-threatening, it is considered to be the earliest form of breast cancer and has the potential to progress to invasive breast cancer if left untreated.
What are the symptoms of DCIS?
DCIS typically does not cause symptoms on its own and is often detected through screening mammography or during evaluation for other breast concerns. In some cases, symptoms may include:
- Breast Lump: A palpable lump or thickening in the breast tissue, although this is less common with DCIS than with invasive breast cancer.
- Bloody Nipple Discharge: Nipple discharge, which may be bloody or clear, can occur in some cases of DCIS.
- Changes in Breast Appearance: Changes in the size, shape, or texture of the breast, including dimpling, puckering, or redness of the skin.
What are the causes of DCIS?
The exact cause of DCIS is not fully understood, but it is believed to develop as a result of genetic mutations and cellular changes within the breast ducts. Factors that may increase the risk of DCIS include:
- Age: The risk of DCIS increases with age, particularly in women over the age of 50.
- Personal or Family History: A personal or family history of breast cancer, particularly DCIS or invasive breast cancer, may elevate the risk of developing the disease.
- Genetic Mutations: Inherited genetic mutations, such as mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, may increase the risk of DCIS.
- Hormonal Factors: Hormonal influences, such as estrogen and progesterone, may play a role in the development of DCIS.
What are the treatments options for DCIS?
At The Iowa Clinic, our multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals works collaboratively to develop personalized treatment plans for individuals diagnosed with DCIS. Treatment options may include:
- Surgery: Surgical options for DCIS may include lumpectomy (removal of the abnormal duct and surrounding tissue) or mastectomy (removal of the entire breast). Sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be performed to assess the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes.
- Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy may be recommended following surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy may be prescribed for hormone receptor-positive DCIS to block the effects of estrogen or progesterone on cancer cells.
- Clinical Trials: Participation in clinical trials may be offered for individuals with DCIS to evaluate new treatment approaches and improve outcomes.
While DCIS is considered a non-invasive form of breast cancer, it is essential to seek prompt evaluation and treatment to reduce the risk of progression to invasive breast cancer. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to complications and affect long-term outcomes. At The Iowa Clinic, we understand the challenges and uncertainties that come with a diagnosis of DCIS. Our team is dedicated to providing you with expert evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment options tailored to your unique needs.
Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards comprehensive breast cancer treatment and management.