Skip to main content
 
 

Fibroadenoma

 

What is fibroadenoma?

Fibroadenoma is a common benign (non-cancerous) breast tumor that typically develops from the glandular (epithelial) and connective tissue (stroma) of the breast. These tumors are characterized by their smooth, rubbery texture and well-defined borders. Fibroadenomas are most commonly found in young women, although they can occur at any age.

What are the symptoms of a fibroadenoma?

Fibroadenomas may present with various symptoms, including:

  • Palpable Breast Lump: The most common symptom of fibroadenoma is the presence of a painless, palpable lump in the breast, which may feel smooth, firm, and rubbery to the touch.
  • Breast Swelling or Enlargement: Some individuals with fibroadenoma may experience breast swelling, enlargement, or changes in breast size or shape.
  • Mobility of the Lump: Fibroadenomas are typically mobile within the breast tissue and may change in size or shape over time, particularly in response to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
  • Skin Changes: Fibroadenomas are usually not associated with changes in the overlying skin of the breast, such as dimpling, puckering, or redness.

What causes fibroadenomas?

Fibroadenomas typically develop due to the overgrowth of glandular and connective tissue within the breast. While the exact cause is not always clear, several factors may contribute to their formation:

  • Hormonal Influences: Changes in hormone levels, particularly estrogen, during puberty, pregnancy, and menstrual cycles, can stimulate the growth of breast tissue and increase the likelihood of developing fibroadenomas.
  • Genetic Factors: There may be a genetic predisposition to fibroadenomas, as they are more common in individuals with a family history of breast conditions or hormone-related disorders.
  • Hormonal Medications: Certain hormone medications, such as hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives, may increase the risk of developing fibroadenomas by affecting hormone levels in the body.
  • Trauma or Injury: Trauma or injury to the breast tissue, such as blunt force or repetitive physical activity, may trigger the formation of fibroadenomas in some cases.
  • Hormonal Imbalances: Imbalances in hormone levels, such as those seen in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders, may contribute to the development of fibroadenomas.
  • Age: Fibroadenomas are more common in younger women, particularly those in their 20s and 30s, and tend to decrease in frequency with age.

While these factors may play a role in the development of fibroadenomas, the exact cause can vary among individuals. It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and diagnosis if you notice any breast changes or abnormalities.

How do you diagnose a fibroadenoma?

Diagnosing fibroadenoma typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies:

  • Clinical Breast Exam: A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination of the breasts to assess for the presence of any palpable lumps or other abnormalities.
  • Imaging Studies: Imaging tests such as mammography, breast ultrasound, or breast MRI may be performed to evaluate the characteristics of the breast lump and assess for any associated findings.
  • Biopsy: In some cases, a tissue biopsy may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis of fibroadenoma. During a biopsy, a sample of tissue is obtained from the breast lump and examined under a microscope by a pathologist to rule out other potential causes of the lump.

What are the treatment options for fibroadenomas?

The treatment approach for fibroadenoma depends on various factors, including the size of the tumor, its characteristics, and whether it is causing symptoms or concerns. Treatment options may include:

  • Observation: In many cases, especially if the fibroadenoma is small, asymptomatic, and confirmed to be benign, close monitoring through regular clinical breast exams and imaging studies may be recommended to ensure stability and rule out any underlying concerns.
  • Surgical Removal: If the fibroadenoma is causing symptoms, enlarging, or causing concern, surgical removal (excision) of the tumor may be recommended. Surgical excision typically involves removing the entire fibroadenoma along with a margin of surrounding healthy tissue to reduce the risk of recurrence.
  • Minimally Invasive Techniques: In some cases, minimally invasive techniques such as ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy or core needle biopsy may be used to remove or biopsy the fibroadenoma, particularly for larger tumors or those in difficult-to-reach locations.