Who is considered high-risk for breast cancer?
Individuals may be considered high-risk for breast cancer if they have one or more of the following risk factors:
- Family History: A personal or family history of breast cancer, particularly at a young age or in multiple relatives, may suggest an increased risk.
- Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, TP53, and others, significantly increase the risk of breast cancer.
- Personal History: A personal history of certain benign breast conditions, such as lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical hyperplasia, may increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
- Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation therapy to the chest area, particularly during childhood or adolescence, may increase the risk of breast cancer.
- Hormonal Factors: Hormonal influences, such as early menstruation, late menopause, hormone replacement therapy, and oral contraceptive use, may affect breast cancer risk.
High-Risk Breast Cancer Screening Modalities
High-risk breast cancer screening typically involves a combination of imaging studies and risk assessment tools:
- Breast Imaging: High-risk individuals may undergo more frequent and/or advanced breast imaging studies such as mammography, breast MRI, or breast ultrasound for early detection and surveillance.
- Genetic Counseling and Testing: Genetic counseling and testing may be recommended for individuals with a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors suggestive of an inherited genetic mutation. Genetic testing can identify inherited mutations in genes associated with breast cancer risk, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- Risk Assessment Tools: Risk assessment tools such as the Gail Model, Tyrer-Cuzick Model, or Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) may be used to estimate an individual's lifetime risk of developing breast cancer based on various risk factors.