What is invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)?
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) is a type of breast cancer that originates in the lobules, which are the milk-producing glands of the breast. Unlike other types of breast cancer that form as lumps, ILC often presents as subtle thickening or fullness in the breast tissue, making it challenging to detect through physical examination or imaging.
Medical experts understand that invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) initiates when cells within one or more milk-producing glands of the breast undergo mutations in their DNA. These mutations disrupt the normal control mechanisms for cell growth, leading to uncontrolled division and rapid proliferation of cells. Depending on the aggressiveness of the cancer, these abnormal cells may metastasize to other regions of the body.
Distinct from other types of breast cancer, lobular carcinoma cells have a unique pattern of invasion, often spreading out rather than forming a defined mass or lump. This can result in the affected area feeling different from the surrounding breast tissue, presenting as a thickening or fullness instead of a palpable lump.
What are symptoms of ILC?
Symptoms of ILC may include:
- Breast Changes: Subtle changes in the size, shape, or texture of the breast, such as asymmetry or fullness.
- Thickening: Thickening or hardening of the breast tissue, which may be felt during self-examination or clinical breast exam.
- Nipple Changes: Changes in the appearance of the nipple, such as inversion, discharge, or scaling.
What causes ILC?
The exact cause of ILC is not fully understood, but certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing this type of breast cancer.
These risk factors may include:
- Hormonal Factors: Hormonal influences, such as estrogen and progesterone, play a significant role in the development of ILC. Factors such as early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy may contribute to the risk of ILC.
- Age: The risk of ILC increases with age, particularly in women over the age of 50.
- Family History: A personal or family history of breast cancer, especially ILC, may elevate the risk of developing the disease.
- Genetic Mutations: Inherited genetic mutations, such as mutations in the CDH1 gene, may increase the risk of ILC.
What are the treatments options for ILC?
At The Iowa Clinic, our experienced team of healthcare professionals works collaboratively to develop personalized treatment plans for individuals diagnosed with ILC.
Treatment options may include:
- Surgery: Surgical options for ILC may include lumpectomy (removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue) or mastectomy (removal of the entire breast). Sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be performed to assess the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes.
- Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy may be recommended following surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be utilized to shrink the tumor before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) or to target cancer cells that have spread beyond the breast (adjuvant therapy).
- Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy may be prescribed for hormone receptor positive ILC to block the effects of estrogen or progesterone on cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy drugs may be used to specifically target and attack cancer cells with certain genetic mutations, such as HER2-positive ILC.
When should I see a doctor for ILC?
While ILC can be challenging to detect and diagnose, early intervention and treatment can significantly improve outcomes. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. Your doctor will perform an examination and determine whether you need a diagnostic breast X-ray (mammogram) or a breast ultrasound.
It's essential to be aware of the potential risks associated with ILC, including the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs. Regular screenings and self-exams can help detect ILC in its early stages when treatment is most effective.