What is intraductal papilloma?
Intraductal papilloma are benign (non-cancerous) growths that develop within the milk ducts of the breast. These growths are made up of glandular tissue and fibrous tissue and are typically small, similar in size and appearance as a skin-tag.
While intraductal papilloma themselves are not cancerous, they can cause symptoms such as nipple discharge or breast lumps, which may lead to concern and require evaluation.
What are the symptoms of intraductal papilloma?
The most common symptom of intraductal papilloma is spontaneous nipple discharge, which may be clear, bloody, or serous. Other symptoms may include:
- Breast Lump: A palpable lump in the breast, typically near the areola or nipple area.
- Nipple Retraction: Changes in the appearance of the nipple, such as inversion or retraction.
What causes intraductal papilloma?
The exact cause of intraductal papilloma is not fully understood, but they are believed to develop because of changes in the breast ducts. Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during menstrual cycles, may play a role in the development of these growths. Additionally, factors such as age, hormonal medications, and breast trauma may contribute to the formation of intraductal papilloma.
What are the treatment options for intraductal papilloma?
At The Iowa Clinic, our experienced General Surgeons offer personalized treatment plans for individuals diagnosed with intraductal papilloma. Treatment options may include:
- Surgical Excision: Surgical removal of the intraductal papilloma may be recommended, especially if it is causing bothersome symptoms or if there is concern about the presence of atypical cells.
- Microdochectomy: In cases where the intraductal papilloma is located near the nipple, a procedure called microdochectomy may be performed to remove the affected duct and prevent recurrence.
- Close Monitoring: In some instances, especially if the intraductal papilloma is small and asymptomatic, close monitoring through clinical breast exams and imaging tests may be recommended to ensure stability and rule out any underlying concerns.
While intraductal papillomas are typically benign, it's essential to monitor them closely and seek medical attention if you notice any changes or new symptoms. In some cases, intraductal papillomas may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, particularly if they contain atypical cells. However, the majority of intraductal papilloma do not progress to cancer.