What is a Phyllodes tumor?
Phyllodes tumor, also known as cystosarcoma Phyllodes, is a rare type of breast tumor that develops in the connective tissue (stroma) of the breast. These tumors can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous).
Phyllodes tumors are typically characterized by a distinct pattern of leaf-like projections within the tumor, which differentiates them from more common types of breast tumors such as fibroadenomas and breast carcinomas.
What are the symptoms of a Phyllodes tumor?
Phyllodes tumors may present with various symptoms, including:
- Palpable Breast Lump: The most common symptom of a Phyllodes tumor is the presence of a painless, palpable lump in the breast, which may grow rapidly over a short period. Studies show that these tumors more often appear in the left breast than the right.
- Breast Swelling or Enlargement: Some individuals with Phyllodes tumors may experience breast swelling, enlargement, or changes in breast size or shape.
- Skin Changes: In some cases, Phyllodes tumors may cause changes in the overlying skin of the breast, such as dimpling, puckering, or redness.
- Nipple Discharge: Rarely, Phyllodes tumors may be associated with nipple discharge, although this is less common.
How do you diagnosis a Phyllodes tumor?
Diagnosing Phyllodes tumor typically involves a combination of imaging studies and biopsy:
- Imaging Studies: Imaging tests such as mammography, breast ultrasound, or breast MRI may be performed to evaluate the characteristics of the breast lump and assess for any associated findings.
- Biopsy: A tissue biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of Phyllodes tumor. During a biopsy, a sample of tissue is obtained from the breast lump and examined under a microscope by a pathologist to determine the presence of characteristic features of Phyllodes tumor.
What are the treatment options for Phyllodes tumor?
The treatment approach for Phyllodes tumor depends on various factors, including the size of the tumor, its characteristics, and whether it is benign (non-cancerous), borderline, or malignant (cancerous).
Treatment options may include:
- Surgical Excision: The primary treatment for Phyllodes tumor is surgical removal (excision) of the tumor along with a margin of surrounding healthy tissue. The extent of surgery may vary depending on the size and characteristics of the tumor.
- Close Monitoring: For benign Phyllodes tumors, particularly those with clear surgical margins, close monitoring through regular clinical breast exams and imaging studies may be recommended to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
- Adjuvant Therapy: In some cases, adjuvant therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended following surgical excision, particularly for borderline or malignant Phyllodes tumors.