What is an epigastric hernia?
An epigastric hernia occurs when fatty tissue or a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles, specifically in the upper abdomen between the breastbone (sternum) and the belly button (umbilicus).
What are symptoms of an epigastric hernia?
The most common symptom of an epigastric hernia is a small, often painless bulge or lump in the upper abdomen.
Other symptoms may include:
- Discomfort, tenderness, or aching around the bulge, particularly when pressing on it or engaging in activities such as lifting heavy objects.
- In rare cases, an epigastric hernia may cause symptoms such as nausea or vomiting, especially if the protruding tissue becomes trapped or twisted (incarcerated or strangulated hernia).
What are the treatment options for epigastric hernias?
For small, asymptomatic epigastric hernias, your doctor may recommend a watchful waiting approach and monitor the hernia regularly for any changes.
In some cases, wearing a supportive device such as a hernia belt or binder may help manage symptoms and provide temporary relief, particularly for individuals who are not surgical candidates.
Surgery is often recommended for symptomatic or enlarging epigastric hernias. During surgery, the protruding tissue is repositioned, and the weakened abdominal wall is reinforced with stitches or a synthetic mesh.
What are the risks and causes of epigastric hernias?
Several factors can contribute to the development of epigastric hernias, including:
- Weakness in the abdominal muscles, particularly in the Linea alba (the midline of the abdomen)
- Increased pressure in the abdomen, such as obesity, heavy lifting, or chronic coughing
- Family history of hernia