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Gallstones

 

What are gallstones?

Gallstones, also known as cholelithiasis, refers to the formation of hardened deposits in the gallbladder or bile ducts. These stones can vary in size and composition, ranging from small, sand-like particles to larger, crystalline structures. Gallstones can be asymptomatic or lead to complications such as cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) or bile duct obstruction.

What causes gallstones?

The formation of gallstones is attributed to various factors, including:

  • Changes in the composition of bile, such as an excess of cholesterol or bilirubin
  • Reduced gallbladder motility or inefficient emptying of bile can promote the accumulation of bile components and the formation of stones

What are symptoms of gallstones?

While some individuals may remain asymptomatic, others may experience symptoms such as:

  • Sudden abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right abdomen or center abdomen below the breastbone
  • Nausea and/or vomiting
  • Pain between shoulder blades or in right shoulder
  • Pain from gallstones can last for several minutes or a few hours.

What are the risk factors for gallstones?

Certain factors increase the risk of developing gallstones, including:

  • Obesity
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Genetics
  • Age (particularly over 40)
  • Certain medical conditions such as diabetes or liver disease

What are the treatment options for gallstones?

Asymptomatic gallstones may not require immediate intervention but should be monitored regularly for any changes or symptoms. For those experiencing symptoms from their gallstones, treatment may include:

  • Medications such as bile acid pills may help dissolve small cholesterol gallstones over time.
  • Surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is often recommended for symptomatic or recurrent gallstones. This minimally invasive procedure offers a quicker recovery time and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgery.
  • Procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may allow your provider to break up and remove the gallstones.

How do I reduce my risk of gallstones?

After treatment for gallstones, adopting a healthy lifestyle is essential for preventing recurrence and promoting overall pancreatic health. This includes:

  • Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables 
  • Limiting intake of high-fat and cholesterol-rich foods
  • Staying hydrated
  • Engaging in regular physical activity