What is a splenectomy?
A splenectomy is a surgical procedure aimed at removing the spleen, an organ about the size of a fist located in the upper left side of the abdomen. The spleen plays a crucial role in the lymphatic system, which forms a vital part of the immune system, generating white blood cells to combat infections and filtering out old or damaged red blood cells.
What are causes for a splenectomy?
Several conditions may necessitate a splenectomy, including:
- Trauma resulting in a ruptured spleen
- Treatment for certain blood disorders
- Certain cancers affecting the spleen
- An enlarged spleen causing pain or low blood cell counts
- Hypersplenism
- Severe infections
- Presence of benign growths such as large cysts or tumors
What happens during a splenectomy?
A splenectomy can be performed using laparoscopic or open surgery techniques. Both procedures involve general anesthesia. In laparoscopic surgery, small incisions are made, and a laparoscope (a camera) and specialized instruments are used to remove the spleen. Open surgery involves a larger incision, allowing direct access to the spleen for removal.
After the procedure, once you can tolerate a regular diet, move around without difficulty, and pain is manageable, you'll typically be discharged from the hospital within a few days. Before discharge, you'll receive guidance on post-splenectomy care, including vaccinations to prevent infections, understanding antibiotics, recognizing infection symptoms, travel precautions, and carrying a medical ID indicating your spleen removal status.