What is hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism develops by overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). These glands are in the neck and play a vital role in regulating calcium levels in the body. When the parathyroid glands produce too much PTH, it can disrupt the balance of calcium and phosphorus, affecting various bodily functions.
What are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism can manifest with a range of symptoms, although some individuals may not experience any noticeable signs initially.
Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Bone pain or tenderness
- Kidney stones
- Digestive issues
- Cognitive changes
What causes hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism can be caused by various factors, including:
- Benign tumors (adenomas)
- Hyperplasia
- Parathyroid cancer
Certain factors may put you at a higher risk for hyperparathyroidism such as:
- Radiation treatment of the neck
- Calcium or vitamin D deficiency
- Damage to the kidney or kidney disease
- Females are more likely to develop hyperthyroidism than males
How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?
Oftentimes, hyperparathyroidism is discovered during routine tests by your primary care physician before symptoms occur.
To diagnose hyperparathyroidism, your healthcare provider will measure your calcium, vitamin D and PTH levels as well as your kidney function.
How is hyperparathyroidism treated?
The treatment of hyperparathyroidism depends on various factors, including the severity of symptoms, underlying causes, and overall health status.
Treatment options may include:
- Observation: In mild cases of hyperparathyroidism without significant symptoms or complications, a watch-and-wait approach may be recommended, with regular monitoring of calcium levels and symptoms.
- Medications: Certain medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms and complications associated with hyperparathyroidism, such as bone pain, kidney stones, or gastrointestinal issues.
- Surgery: Surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid gland(s), known as parathyroidectomy , is often recommended for individuals with severe or symptomatic hyperparathyroidism or those at risk of complications such as kidney damage or osteoporosis.